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Accountants prepare financial information, such as balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements, to give an overview of the organisation's finances. These documents provide vital information about the business's financial performance, position and liquidity to the management team, investors and lenders. Accountants use the data from the recorded financial transactions to prepare these statements.
Accountants also help organisations manage their budgets by monitoring expenses, identifying cost-saving opportunities and providing financial advice to senior management. They review financial data to ensure that the company operates within the budget and recommend strategies to improve its financial position. These professionals also provide guidance on the managing of cash flow to ensure the business has sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations.
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Accountants are also responsible for financial audits to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. They review the records and transactions to determine their accuracy and completeness. They also verify that the organisation follows applicable accounting standards and legal mandates and make recommendations for corrective action if they identify any issues.
Accountants help individuals and organisations plan taxes and ensure compliance with tax laws and regulations. They analyse financial records to determine and recommend the appropriate strategy. They also prepare tax returns and ensure their accuracy and timely submission.
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Accountants analyse financial data to identify trends, patterns and anomalies that can help improve financial performance. They use various techniques, including ratio and trend analysis, to identify areas where the organisation can benefit from improvement. They also identify areas where the company may be at risk and recommend strategies to mitigate them.
Accountants provide financial advice to clients on matters such as investments, financial planning and risk management. They use their knowledge of financial markets, investment strategies, interpersonal and communication skills to advise on opportunities in these fields. Additionally, they help customers identify and mitigate financial risks.
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Here are the typical job prerequisites for the position of an accountant:
To secure a role as an accountant, it's typically necessary for individuals to hold a minimum of a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance or related fields. Although not mandatory, many companies prefer job seekers with master's degrees, as their coursework often includes accounting principles such as GAAP, business communications and business law. These provide a strong foundation of knowledge that prepares one for an accounting career.
Internships are a common entry point for many aspiring accountants. They provide students with valuable learning opportunities and skills critical for success in the accounting industry. Accountants often receive additional on-the-job training specific to their role and the company. Organisations typically provide training as part of the onboarding process for their new hires. The training duration can vary widely, ranging from a few days to several months, depending on the business and the role.
While not always required, earning a certification in accounting can be an excellent way to demonstrate skills and qualifications to employers. It typically involves completing a specific amount of accounting coursework, gaining relevant work experience and passing a comprehensive exam. It can thus help you gain additional knowledge and further your career. There are several certification programmes available for accountants to choose from, including:
Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
The CPA licence is a highly respected credential within the accounting industry. CPAs write audit reports and provide opinions on publicly traded company financials. They can also sign tax returns and represent clients before the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS).
Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)
The CFA certification trains and prepares individuals for careers in various financial industries. This accreditation teaches individuals how to think critically about finance, investments and business operations. This qualification is popular amongst those aiming to become controllers and chief financial officers (CFOs).
Certified Management Accountant (CMA)
The Institute of Management Accountants offers the CMA designation. This certification specialises in company accounting management and is popular amongst individuals aspiring to reach management and executive-level roles such as chief operating officer and CFOs.
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Certified Internal Auditor (CIA)
The Institute of Internal Auditors offers the CIA certification, which is the only internationally accepted designation for internal auditors. This qualification verifies competencies in areas such as risk and control, information technology and proficiency in working with both internal staff and external clients.
Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE)
The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) offers the CFE designation. This qualification teaches individuals the inner workings of accounting, auditing and the ACFE code of ethics.
Please note that none of the companies, institutions or organisations mentioned in this article are affiliated with Indeed.
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Life as an accountant can vary depending on the specific role, industry and company, but there are some common experiences you can expect:
Accountants work in various settings, including accounting firms, corporate accounting departments, government agencies or self-employed professionals. The working environment can range from a traditional office to a more flexible and remote one. Accountants may also work long hours, especially during busy periods, such as tax season or the end of the fiscal year.
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Accountants enjoy a wide range of career paths. Entry-level positions typically require a bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field, but additional education, such as a master's degree or certification, can help advance the career. Many accountants also pursue certification such as CPA, to open up more professional opportunities.
With several years of experience, accountants may also advance to senior accountant or managerial roles, such as accounting manager or controller. These roles typically involve overseeing the work of other accountants or financial professionals. Some accountants may also move into executive positions, such as CFO, which involve strategic financial decision-making for the company.
As technology evolves, the accountant's role also changes. Apart from Microsoft Excel, the use of accounting software such as Quickbooks and automation is becoming increasingly common, which has led to an increased demand for individuals who can manage and analyse financial data using these tools. Accountants may also use technology to collaborate with clients and colleagues and stay up to date on industry trends and regulations.
Accountants who work in the area of public accounting often visit clients regularly. This could involve travelling to a client's office to review financial records, provide tax advice or perform an audit. Depending on the size of the client's organisation, these appointments could take anywhere from a few hours to several days.
Accountants also travel to attend training sessions, seminars or conferences. These events provide opportunities to learn new skills, network with other professionals and stay current on industry trends.
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